AI ACCEPTANCE AND USE IN MATHEMATICS PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS: A THEORY OF PLANNED BEHAVIOUR APPROACH

Abstrak / Deskripsi Singkat

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is increasingly integrated into education, including mathematics learning, yet its successful implementation largely depends on teachers’ acceptance and readiness. This study aims to examine the determinants of AI acceptance and use among pre-service mathematics teachers by employing the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB), which comprises Attitude (AT), Social Norms (SN), Perceived Behavioral Control (PBC), Behavioral Intention (BI), and AI Use (AIU). A quantitative, cross-sectional survey design was used. Data were collected from 427 Generation Z pre-service mathematics teachers enrolled in three Indonesian universities using an online questionnaire. The instrument was adapted from a previously validated TPB-based scale, and data were analyzed using PLS-SEM with SmartPLS. The measurement model demonstrated excellent reliability and validity, and the structural model indicated very good fit (SRMR = 0.044). All hypothesized relationships were supported (p < 0.001). SN emerged as the strongest predictor of BI, followed by AT and PBC, while BI was the most powerful determinant of AIU (β = 0.849). These findings highlight the central role of social influence, positive attitudes, and technological efficacy in shaping pre-service teachers’ intentions and actual use of AI. The study implies that teacher education programs should design courses and practicum experiences that foster positive beliefs about AI, enhance digital competence, and leverage supportive social environments to promote meaningful AI integration in mathematics classrooms.